The Types of Sprinkler Systems for Commercial Properties

Sprinkler systems are essential fire safety tools, and in some new UK buildings, they are even a legal requirement. Different sprinkler system types are designed to suit various environments and needs.

Understanding the differences between these systems helps property owners and managers make informed decisions about fire safety, particularly when planning a commercial building.

Regulations Around Sprinkler Systems

In the UK, many high-rise residential buildings must have sprinkler systems by law. While the rules can be complex, businesses with a fire area of 20,000 square meters or more are also required to install sprinkler systems.

Additionally, businesses with five or more employees, or those open to the public, must undergo a fire risk assessment. This assessment may highlight sprinklers as an essential fire protection method. Even if not legally required, installing a sprinkler system could still be a smart decision. The British Standard BS 9251 provides valuable insights into sprinkler system requirements.

Types of Sprinkler Systems

Let’s take a look at the various sprinkler system types and their differences.

Wet Pipe Sprinkler Systems

The most common and straightforward type, wet pipe systems always keep pipes filled with water. When a fire activates a sprinkler head, water is immediately released to suppress the fire. These systems are reliable, easy to install, and low maintenance, making them ideal for commercial spaces like offices, schools, and retail stores. However, they’re unsuitable for areas that may experience freezing temperatures, as the water in the pipes could freeze and cause damage.

Dry Pipe Sprinkler Systems

Dry pipe systems are designed for environments exposed to cold temperatures. Unlike wet pipe systems, the pipes in dry systems are filled with pressurised air or nitrogen. When heat from a fire triggers the sprinkler heads, the pressure drops, allowing water to flow through the pipes. While there is a slight delay before water is discharged, this system prevents pipes from freezing. Dry pipe systems are often used in unheated areas such as warehouses and parking garages.

Pre-Action Sprinkler Systems

A combination of wet and dry pipe systems, pre-action sprinklers are typically used in environments where accidental water discharge could cause significant damage, such as data centres, libraries, and museums. They involve a two-step activation process: first, a fire detection system opens a pre-action valve, allowing water into the pipes. Then, individual sprinkler heads are activated by heat to release the water. This double activation ensures water is only released when absolutely necessary, protecting sensitive equipment and documents.

Deluge Sprinkler Systems

Deluge systems are used in high-risk areas where rapid fire spread is a major concern, such as chemical plants or aircraft hangars. In these systems, all sprinkler heads are open, and the pipes remain empty until a fire is detected. When a fire is identified, the deluge valve opens, releasing water from all sprinkler heads simultaneously to quickly douse the area. Deluge systems are particularly useful for preventing fires involving flammable liquids or other hazardous materials.

Foam Water Sprinkler Systems

Foam water systems are designed for facilities where flammable liquids are present, such as chemical storage or processing plants. These systems mix foam concentrate with water to produce a foam solution that is discharged through the sprinklers. The foam smothers the fire, cutting off oxygen and preventing re-ignition. Foam systems can be configured as wet pipe, dry pipe, or deluge systems, depending on the facility's specific needs.

Water Mist Systems

Water mist systems use high-pressure water to create a fine mist that cools the fire and displaces oxygen, effectively suppressing the flames. These systems are more water-efficient than traditional sprinklers, reducing water damage. Water mist systems are ideal for areas where water damage is a concern, such as data centres and commercial kitchens. They can also be effective in areas with high ceilings or complex layouts, where traditional systems may be less effective.

Installing and Maintaining Sprinkler Systems in Commercial Properties

If you are considering installing a sprinkler system, The Oltec Group is here to provide expert advice and support. Our experienced team offers a variety of options tailored to all types of commercial buildings.

Maintaining your sprinkler system is essential to ensure your fire protection remains optimal. We offer Planned Preventative Maintenance with personalised servicing schedules, rapid response times and peace of mind.

For smaller businesses needing occasional support, we also provide reactive maintenance packages that offer reliable, on-demand service.